Track 22 : Neuroinformatics

Neuroinformatics

Cerebrovascular disorders refer to conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain, resulting in a disruption of the blood flow to the brain. These conditions can lead to various neurological deficits, including cognitive impairments, physical disabilities, and sometimes death. The brain requires a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients from blood vessels, so any blockage, rupture, or narrowing of these vessels can lead to significant damage.

A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is either blocked (ischemic stroke) or interrupted due to bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke), causing brain cells to die or become damaged.Often called a "mini-stroke," a TIA involves a temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain, typically lasting less than 24 hours, with no lasting brain damage.A brain aneurysm is a bulging or ballooning of a blood vessel in the brain. If it bursts, it can cause a hemorrhagic stroke.AVMs are abnormal tangles of blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the brain. These abnormal connections disrupt the flow of blood and can lead to rupture and bleeding.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): The leading risk factor for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Atherosclerosis: Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of fatty deposits.

Smoking: Increases the risk of blood clot formation and atherosclerosis.

Diabetes: Increases the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis and stroke.

Heart Disease: Conditions like atrial fibrillation can lead to clot formation, which may travel to the brain, causing a stroke.

Obesity and Physical Inactivity: These contribute to high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease, all of which increase the risk of cerebrovascular disorders.

Age and Gender: Older individuals are at a higher risk, with men generally being more affected, although the risk for women increases after menopause.

Family History: A family history of stroke or heart disease increases an individual’s risk.

Alcohol and Drug Use: Excessive alcohol intake or illicit drug use (e.g., cocaine) can increase the risk of stroke.