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Track 16: Neurological Disorders

Track 16: Neurological Disorders

Neurological Disorders; Types of Neurological Disorders, Symptoms of Neurological Disorders, Treatment and Management

Neurological Disorders

Neurological disorders refer to a broad range of diseases or conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These disorders can cause a wide variety of symptoms ranging from pain, sensory problems, motor deficits, cognitive impairments, and emotional disturbances. Some neurological disorders are hereditary, while others may be caused by infections, injury, or environmental factors.

Types of Neurological Disorders Alzheimer's Disease: A type of dementia characterized by memory loss, confusion, and changes in behavior due to the buildup of amyloid plaques and tau tangles.Parkinson's Disease: A movement disorder involving the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons, causing tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, this affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and eventual paralysis.

Symptoms of Neurological Disorders

Neurological disorders can cause a wide range of symptoms, which vary depending on the specific disorder and the part of the nervous system affected. Some common symptoms include:

Pain (headache, nerve pain)

Seizures

Cognitive decline (memory problems, confusion)

Motor difficulties (weakness, tremors, paralysis)

Sensory disturbances (numbness, tingling, vision problems)

Changes in behavior or mood (anxiety, depression, agitation)

Speech or language difficulties

Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders

Diagnosing neurological disorders often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and laboratory studies:

Clinical History: Patient symptoms and family history are vital for diagnosis.

Neurological Examination: Includes tests of motor function, sensory responses, coordination, and cognition.

Imaging: Techniques like MRI, CT scans, and PET scans help visualize structural and functional brain changes.